introduce into

εἰσάγω [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

A

ἐσάγεσκον Hdt.1.196

: [tense] pf. - αγήοχα Epist. Philipp. ap. D.18.39: [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.

ἐσῆγμαι Hdt.2.49

:— lead in or into, esp. into one's dwelling, introduce, c. dupl.acc.,

αὐτοὺς εἰσῆγον θεῖον δόμον Od.4.43

; Κρήτην εἰσήγαγ' ἑταίρους he led his comrades to Crete, 3.191;

ἐς. τινὰ ἐς.. Hdt.1.196

, etc.: c. dat.,

τινὰ δόμοις E.Alc. 1112

codd.;

εἰ. ψυχᾷ χάριν Id.Hipp. 526

(lyr.); ὅταν σε καιρὸς εἰσάγῃ, = ὅταν καιρὸς ᾖ σὲ εἰσιέναι, S.El.39;

νὺξ εἰ. πόνον Id.Tr.29

:—[voice] Med., admit forces into a city, Th.8.16, 108; take in with one, introduce into a league or conspiracy,

Ὀτάνης ἐσάγεται Ἰνταφρένεα Hdt.3.70

:— [voice] Pass.,

τὴν θερμότητα εἰσάγεσθαι εἰς τοὺς πόρους Thphr.Ign.38

.

2 ἐσαγαγεῖν or ἐσαγαγέσθαι γυναῖκα to lead a wife into one's house, Hdt. 5.40,6.63.

3 bring in,

σῖτον Th.4.26

; import,

οἶνον Ἀθήναζε κατ' ἐμπορίαν D.35.35

:—[voice] Med.,

εἰσάγεσθαι καὶ ἐξάγεσθαι X.Ath.2.3

, cf.D. 18.145;

εἰ. ὧν ἐνδεεῖς Arist.Pol. 1257a32

:—[voice] Pass., εἰσαγόμενα καὶ ἐξαγ. imports and exports, Id.Rh. 1359b22, cf. Hdt.3.6, SIG37 (Teos, v B.C.).

4 εἰ. εἰς τοὺς φράτερας introduce a child to the members of one's φρατρία, Lys.30.2 ([voice] Pass.), Is.3.75, cf. D.57.54;

εἰς Κήρυκας And.1.127

;

εἰ. τινὰς εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν Arist.Pol. 1308a8

; τινὰς ἐς σπονδάς secure their adhesion, Th.5.35; ἰατρὸν εἰσάγειν τινί call in a physician for another, X.Mem.2.4.3, cf. D.47.67:—[voice] Med., of the physician himself when ill,

εἰσάγεσθαι ἄλλους ἰατρούς Arist.Pol. 1287a41

.

5 introduce new customs, Hdt.2.49 ([voice] Pass.);

τελετὰς πονηράς E. Ba. 260

;

σόφισμα Id.Ph. 1408

;

δεινότατον ἔθος εἰς τὴν πολιτείαν D.19.2

; εἰ. τὰ εἴδη the doctrineofideas, Arist.EN 1096a13;

αὐλὸν καὶ ῥυθμὸν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον ἀντὶ σάλπιγγος Plb.4.20.6

.

6 δούλιον εἰσᾶγον αἶσαν, for δ. ἆγον εἰς αἶσαν, A.Ch.77(lyr.).

II bring in, bring forward, esp. on the stage,

χορόν Ar.Ach.

II;

Ἥραν ἠλλοιωμένην Pl.R. 381d

;

δράματα Id.Ap. 35b

, cf. Luc.Hist.Conscr.58; of an orator,

εἰ. σεαυτὸν ποιόν τινα Arist.Rh. 1417b7

; represent in art, Corn.ND28, al. ([voice] Pass.).

2 εἰ. τινὰ εἰς τὴν βουλήν bring a culprit before the Council, X.HG7.3.5, etc.

3 aslaw-term, εἰ. δίκην or γραφήν to bring a cause into court, of the prosecutor, A.Eu. 580, 582, cf. D.24.10, PHal.1.125, etc.;

ὑπόθεσιν OG1669.41

(Egypt, i A.D.); also of the εἰσαγωγεύς II, Antipho6.42, IG12(7).3.40 ([place name] Arcesine), etc.; οἱ δὲ θεσμοθέται εἰσαγόντων εἰς τὴν Ἡλιαίαν Lexap.D.21.47.

b εἰ. τινά bring forward the case of an officer at the εὔθυναι (q.v.), D.18.117 : generally, bring a person into court, prosecute, Pl.Ap. 25c,al.; in full, εἰ. εἰς δικαστήριον ib. 29a, Grg. 521c ([voice] Pass.), cf. Lg. 910e,al.

4 pay in,

τὴν τιμὴν ἐπὶ τὴν δημοσίαν τράπεζαν IG22.1013.28

;

ἀργύριον PHib.46.18

(iii B.C.), etc.

5 enter, register, POxy.1535.8 ([voice] Pass.), etc.

III introduce to a subject, instruct:—[voice] Pass., εἰσαγόμενοι, οἱ, beginners, Ph.1.175, Gal.Libr.Propr.Prooem., etc.

IV intr., enter, Sch.T.Il.6.252.

παρεισ-άγω [pron. full] [ᾰγ], [tense] pf.

A

παρεισῆχα Phld. Piet.32

:—lead in by one's side, bring forward, introduce, of persons brought into a public assembly,

τοὺς παῖδας τῶν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ τετελευτηκότων Isoc.8.82

;

τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους Plb.3.63.2

; propose a candidate for a succession, Plu. Galb. 21.

2 with a notion of secrecy, π. [τοὺς Γαλάτας] εἰς Ἔρυκα introduce, admit them into the city, Plb.2.7.8, cf. 1.18.3.

3 introduce into a poem or narrative,

κινδύνους Arist.Fr. 142

, cf. Phld. l.c., etc.; τὸν Ἀννίβαν ἀμίμητόν τινα π. στρατηγόν represent him as.., Plb. 3.47.7, cf. 5.2.6, Corn.ND9 :—[voice] Pass., ib.20, al.

4 introduce doctrines, customs, etc., τὰς ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐν Ἅιδου διαλήψεις εἰς τὰ πλήθη π. Plb.6.56.12, cf. D.S.1.96 ;

ξένα π. δαιμόνια Plu.2.328d

;

αἱρέσεις 2 Ep.Pet. 2.1

:—[voice] Pass.,

μουσικὴν παρεισῆχθαι τοῖς ἀνθρώποις Ephor. 8J.

προοικο-νομέω,

A arrange before, J.AJ 2.5.7:—[voice] Med., get things previously arranged, Id.BJ7.8.2:—[voice] Pass., to be so arranged,

προῳκονόμηται ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου ἑκατέρου ἡ φύσις Arist.Oec. 1343b26

.

2 [voice] Med., introduce into a speech before, premise, Cic.QF 2.3.6.

ἐμπολῑτεύω,

A to be a citizen, hold civil rights in a place, Th.4.106; ἐ. ἐκεῖ ib. 103:—[voice] Pass.,

οἱ ἐμπολιτευθέντες Isoc.5.5

;

τῇ πόλει καὶ τοῖς ἐμπολιτευομένοις Plb.5.9.9

.

2 metaph.,

ἀφροσύνη ἐνεπολίτευσε τῷ ἔθνει J.AJ17.10.6

;

τὰς -ομένας ἡδονὰς ἐν Ῥώμῃ Philostr.VA5.36

: —[voice] Med.,

ἐ. τῷ βίῳ Jul.Or.4.157b

.

3 ἐμπολιτεύεσθαί τινι to talk politics with one, Cic.Att.7.7.7 codd.

II trans., introduce into a state, naturalize,

ἐ. ἀκολασίαν οὐρανῷ Heraclit.All.69

.

ἐπικαινούντων, ἐπικαινόω

introduce innovations into: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

ἐπικαινούντων, ἐπικαινόω

introduce innovations into: pres imperat act 3rd pl

ἐπικαινούντων, ἐπικαινόω

introduce innovations into: pres part act masc /neut gen pl

ἐπικαινούντων, ἐπικαινόω

introduce innovations into: pres imperat act 3rd pl

προσάγω [ᾰ], [tense] aor. 2 προσήγᾰγον: for [tense] aor. 1 προσῆξα v. infr. A.11.3 fin.: [tense] fut. [voice] Med. (in pass. sense), Th.4.115: once [full] ποσάγω (q.v.):—

A bring to or upon,

τίς δαίμων τόδε πῆμα προσήγαγε; Od.17.446

, cf. E. Med. 993 (lyr.);

π. δῶρά τινι h.Ap. 272

;

ἄστει κόσμον Pi.I.6(5).69

;

θυσίας τινί Hdt.3.24

;

βοσκήματα S.Tr. 762

;

τῳ θεῶν ὕμνους ἢ χορείας Pl.Lg. 799b

;

ἱερεῖα τοῖς βωμοῖς Poll.1.27

;

ποταγόντω.. τὰ ἱερεῖα.. ποτὶ τὸν βωμόν SIG1010

([place name] Chalcedon);

π. πάντα ἱκανά

furnish, supply,

X.Cyr.5.2.5

; ἁρμαμάξας ib.4.3.1;

λίθους PCair.Zen.34.13

(iii B. C.).

2 put to, add, ἅμα ἠγόρευε καὶ ἔργον προσῆγε (v.l. προῆγεν) Hdt.9.92; of exercises and food,

ἐξ ὀλίγου π. Hp.Insomn.89

; cf.

προσαγωγή 11.5

.

3 bring to, move towards, apply,

τὴν ἄνω γνάθον π. τῇ κάτω Hdt.2.68

; μὴ π. τὴν χεῖρά μοι lay it not on me, Ar. Lys. 893; π. κεγχρώμασιν ὀφθαλμόν apply it closely, E.Ph. 1386;

π. τὴν ῥῖνά τινι Diod.Com.2.39

;

πρὸς τὸ στόμα τὰς χεῖρας Arist.HA 587a27

: esp. of medical applications,

ἤπια [ἰήματα] μετὰ τὰ ἰσχυρά Hdt.3.130

;

προσαχθέντος φαρμάκου Orib.46.1.125

: metaph., [

παιδιὰς] π. φαρμακείας χάριν Arist.Pol. 1337b41

;

παρρησίαν καὶ δηγμὸν ἀνθρώπῳ δυστυχοῦντι Plu.2.69a

.

4 of meats, etc., set before,

βρώματά τινι X.Cyr.1.3.4

, cf. Plu.2.126a, etc.

5 metaph., π. ὅρκους σφι put oaths to them, make them take oaths, Hdt.6.74.

6 in military sense, bring up for the attack, move on towards,

π. πύλαις λόχον E.Ph. 1104

;

τῇ Ποτειδαίᾳ τὸν στρατόν Th.1.64

;

τὸ στράτευμα ἀντίπρῳρον π. X.HG7.5.23

; [

στρατιὰν] π. πρὸς πολεμίους Id.Cyr.1.6.43

; v. infr. 11: so also

π. μηχανὰς πόλει Th.2.76

, cf. X.HG2.4.27, etc.; μηχανῆς μελλούσης προσάξεσθαι (in pass. sense) Th.4.115; π. βίαν τοῖς τείχεσι, τῇ πόλει, etc., D.S.11.32, 12.46, etc.

7 metaph.,

π. βίαν τοῖς πολεμίοις Id.15.68

, cf. PTeb.61 (b).33 (ii B.C., [voice] Pass.), etc.;

τὰς ἀνάγκας Th.1.99

;

συκοφαντίαν π. τοῖς πράγμασι D.19.98

; δεινὰν π. τόλμαν apply or put forth daring, E.Med. 859 (lyr.); γράψας.. τίνα οἰκονομίαν προσαγήγοχας what steps you have taken, PCair.Zen.240.10 (iii B. C.);

πολλῶν φόβων προσαγομένων X.An.4.1.23

;

π. ἡδονάς Pl.Lg. 798e

.

8 bring to or before,

τῷ Κύρῳ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους X.Cyr.3.2.12

, cf. HG3.4.8, etc.; bring in, bring with one, Is.8.16; introduce,

πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Th.5.61

;

πρὸς τὴν βουλήν And.1.111

, cf. Lys.6.29; π. τοὺς πρέσβεις (i. e. before the assembly) D.18.28, cf. 213;

πρεσβείαν ἐλθοῦσαν π. πρὸς βουλὴν καὶ δῆμον IG12.39.12

; introduce at court, X.Cyr.1.3.8; bring a person into a law-court as defendant or as witness, PHal.8.5 (iii B. C.), etc.

b introduce in writing, λόγῳ π. ὅτι.. introduce the statement.., Arist.Cael. 304a13;

π. [ἡλικίαν] πρὸς μάθησιν Id.Pol. 1336a24

; [

παιδάριον] π. πρὸς τὰ μαθήματα PSI4.340.24

(iii B. C.);

τὰ λοιπὰ μυθικῶς προσῆκται

have been introduced,

Arist.Metaph. 1074b4

.

9 bring hither, lead on,

τίς [σε] προσήγαγεν χρεία; S.Ph. 236

;

ἐλπίς μ' ἀεὶ προσῆγε E.Andr.27

:—[voice] Pass.,

οἴκτῳ καὶ ἐπιεικείᾳ π. Th.3.48

; βίᾳ ib.95; ἄκοντες π. ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων ib. 63, cf. X.HG6.1.7.

10 [voice] Pass., to be brought over, attached to the cause of, c. dat.,

εἴ πως σφίσιν προσαχθείη Th.2.77

: abs.,

προσήγεσθε ὑπ' Ἀθηναίων Id.3.63

; cf. B.1.

11 increase a rent or other charge, PTeb.72.187 ([voice] Pass.), 200 (ii B. C.); προσηγμένων τοῖς ἀπαιτησίμοις ib.217;

ᾧ προσάγω ὑπὲρ ἐπιθέματος ἄλλας δραχμὰς ἑξήκοντα PRyl.99.7

(iii A. D.).

12 = προσαγγέλλω, announce, report, PTeb.60.69 (ii B. C.), etc.

13 debit a person with an amount, charge it to him,

συνέβη ναῦλον ἡμῖν προσάγεσθαι τοῦ πλοίου PCair.Zen.368.28

, cf. 326.16 (iii B. C.).

II seemingly intr. (sc. ἑαυτόν, στρατόν, etc.), draw near, approach, X.HG3.5.22;

πρός τινας LXX 3 Ki.18.21

; esp. in a hostile sense, advance against, attack,

π. πρὸς τὸ κέρας X.An.1.10.9

, etc.;

κώμῃ τινί Arr.An.2.3.4

;

δι' ἀπάτης τοῖς βασιλεῦσι Plu.2.800a

;

ἐγγυτέρω ταῖς ἐλπίσιν Id.Galb.9

; τοῖς τετταράκοντα [ἔτεσι] Id.Pomp.46; πόταγε ([dialect] Dor. for πρόσαγε) come on! Theoc.1.62, 15.78; μαλακῶς π. [γυναικί] make advances to a woman in an effeminate manner, Plu.2.240e; of Time, τῆς προσαγούσης τρύγης the approaching vintage, Sammelb.5810.16 (iv A.D.).

2 (sc. ναῦν) bring to, come to land,

τόποις Plb.1.54.5

, etc.;

Ῥόδῳ Apollod.2.1.4c

odd.

3 δυσχερῶς προσῆγον πρὸς τὰς εἰσφοράς dub.l. in Plb.5.30.5 ( πως εἶχον πρὸς Hultsch): ὅσων προσῆξαν is f.l. in Th.2.97 ( ὅσωνπερ ἦρξαν Dobree).

B [voice] Med., bring or draw to oneself, attach to oneself, bring over to one's side,

σοφίῃ αὐτούς, οὐκ ἀγνωμοσύνῃ προσηγάγετο Hdt.2.172

;

ἀνάγκῃ προσάγεσθαί τινα Id.6.25

, cf. Th.1.99;

τἀρετῇ π. πόσιν E. Andr. 226

;

ἀπάτῃ π. τὸ πλῆθος Th.3.43

;

χρήμασι καὶ δωρεαῖς τὸν δῆμον προσάγεσθαι Pl.Lg. 695d

;

τῷ ποιεῖν εὖ π. τὰς πόλεις Isoc.4.80

;

θεραπείαις Id.3.22

; so [

ἵππον] ἠρεμαίως π. τῷ χαλινῷ X.Eq.9.5

;

συμμάχους καὶ βοηθοὺς π. Id.Mem.3.4.9

;

τὴν τῶν Ἀθηναίων ξυμμαχίαν Th.5.82

; πάντων π. ὄμματα draw all eyes upon oneself, X.Smp.1.9.

2 abs., draw to oneself, embrace, Ar.Av. 141, X.Cyr.7.5.39, Pl.R. 439b;

ἥ γ' ἐμὴν γενειάδα προσήγετ' ἀεὶ στόματι E.Supp. 1100

.

3 c. inf., ἡ Σφὶγξ τὸ πρὸς ποσὶ σκοπεῖν.. ἡμᾶς.. προσήγετο put us upon considering, S.OT 131; προσάξομαι δάμαρτ' ἐᾶν σε .. will induce her to suffer thee.., E. Ion 659.

II take to oneself, take up,

ὀστᾶ Id.Supp. 949

;

τὰ ναυάγια Th.8.106

.

2 get for oneself, procure, import,

ὧν δεῖται X.Vect.1.7

; τὰ προσαχθέντα imports, ib.4.18.

3 αἷς [ταῖς προβοσκίσι] π. εἰς τὸ στόμα τὴν τροφήν with which they bring it to their mouths, Arist.HA 523b31, cf. 526a28, PA 685b10.

4 μηδὲ προσάγου τῷ πράγματι χειμῶνας ἑτέρους do not add further troubles, Men.187; π. τὸν χρόνον καὶ τὸν πόνον employ it for one's own advantage, Plb.29.17.4.

5 μάρτυρα π. cite as witness, Plu.2.1049b.

συνίστημι, also [full] συνιστάνω (Plb.4.82.5, J.

A BJ Prooem.5, Sor.1.126 ([voice] Pass.)); [full] συνιστάω (Arist.GA 777a6, Pr. 928a9, Conon 48, 2 Ep.Cor. 6.4; [tense] impf.

συνίστα Plb.3.43.11

, dub. in D.H.8.18): [tense] impf. συνίστην, [tense] fut. συστήσω, [tense] aor. 1 συνέστησα: trans. [tense] pf. συνέστᾰκα, found only in later texts, PSI9.1035.14 (ii A.D.), S.E.M.7.109, AP11.139 (Lucill.), Iamb.VP35.261:—set together, combine,

τὰς χορδὰς ἀλλήλαις Pl.R. 412a

; τὰς ἄρκυς καὶ τὰ δίκτυα f.l. in X.Cyn.6.12.

II combine, associate, unite,

σ. τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἐπὶ τῇ Σπάρτῃ Hdt.6.74

, cf. 3.84;

Πελοποννήσου τὰ δυνατώτατα Th.6.16

; ταύτας (sc. τὰς πόλεις) Isoc. 5.30;

πόλεις πρὸς ἀλλήλας X.HG3.5.2

;

τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους ἐς ξυνωμοσίαν Th.8.48

;

τὰ πάντα ἀριθμοῖς S.E.M.7.109

.

b σ. Ἀσίην ἑωυτῷ unite Asia in dependence on himself, Hdt.1.103; μαντικὴν ἑωυτῷ συστῆσαι bring prophetic art into union with himself, i.e. win, acquire it, Id.2.49;

σ. τινὰ ἀντίπαλον ἑαυτῷ X.Cyr.6.1.26

;

σ. τισὶν ἡγεμόνα Plb.2.24.6

, cf. 3.42.6, 15.5.5.

III put together, organize, frame,

ζῷον ἔμψυχον Pl.Ti. 91a

;

τέχνην Id.Smp. 186e

; πρᾶγμα ὁτιοῦν ἐκ μοχθηρῶν καὶ χρηστῶν ς. Id.Plt. 308c;

σ. τὴν ὀλιγαρχίαν Th.8.48

;

ἐκ δημοκρατίας καὶ μοναρχίας τὴν πολιτείαν Arist.Pol. 1266a23

, cf. 1284b18; ἑταιρείαν Lex ap.D.46.26:—[voice] Med., τοῖς ἑτέραν αἵρεσιν (school)

συστησαμένοις Gal.15.505

; οἱ συνιστάμενοι τὰς τέχνας ib.449;

θεωρήματα συνίστασθαι Id.16.725

.

2 contrive,

σ. θάνατον ἐπί τινι Hdt.3.71

;

ἐφ' ἡμᾶς πόλεμον D.15.3

;

ἐπίθεσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Σπαρτιάτας Arist.Pol. 1306b35

; σ. τιμάς settle prices, D.56.7.

3 [voice] Med. in these senses,

τὸ ὅλον συνίστασθαι Pl.Phdr. 269c

;

τὸ δεῖπνον Diph.43.5

: mostly [tense] aor. 1,

μὴ ἐκ χρηστῶν καὶ κακῶν ἀνθρώπων συστήσηται πόλιν Pl.Plt. 308d

;

οὐρανόν Id.Ti. 32b

; πᾶν τόδε ib. 69c, cf. R. 530a;

πόλεμον Isoc. 10.49

, Plb.2.1.1;

σ. μοι μάχην PTeb.44.14

(ii B.C.);

πολιορκίαν Plb. 1.30.5

;

κίνδυνον Id.3.106.4

;

παρατάξεις D.S.1.18

;

ἀντιλογίαν πρός με PGrenf.1.38.8

(ii/i B.C.), cf. PSI3.167.14 (ii B.C.), Mitteis Chr. 31 iv 21 (ii B.C.);

ἀηδίαν PLond.2.342.6

(ii A.D.), BGU22.15 (ii A.D.); οὐδένα λόγον συνισταμένη πρὸς ἡμᾶς rendering no account to us. PAmh.2.31.17 (ii B.C.), cf. PRein.18.33 (ii B.C.);

σ. ἀγῶνας Plu.Fab.19

;

ἑορτήν Apollod.3.14.6

; ναυτικὰς δυνάμεις, μισθοφόρους, Plb.1.25.5, 4.60.5; also, arrange in order of battle, rally, Id.3.43.11, dub. in D.H. 8.18.

4 Math., erect two straight lines from points on a given straight line so as to meet and form a triangle, in [voice] Pass., Arist.Mete. 376a2, b2, cf. Euc.1.7, Papp.106.12; of two arcs of great circles on a sphere, Id.476.19,22.

5 of an author, compose, μύθους, τὴν Ὀδύσσειαν, etc., Arist.Po. 1455a22, 1451a29, etc.

IV bring together as friends, introduce or recommend one to another,

τινάς τινι Pl.La. 200d

, cf. X.Smp.4.63; ἵνα τῳ τῶν.. σοφιστῶν.. συστήσω τουτονί, as a pupil, Pl.Thg. 122a;

τινὰ ἰατρῷ σ. περὶ τῆς ἀσθενείας Id.Chrm. 155b

;

σύστησον αὐτοὺς.. ὅπως πλέωσι PCair.Zen.2.2

(iii B.C.), cf. 195.6 (iii B.C.), PMich.Zen.6.2,3 (iii B.C., [voice] Act. and [voice] Pass.):—[voice] Pass.,

συνεστάθη Κύρῳ X.An.3.1.8

; Κύρῳ συσταθησόμενος ib.6.1.23, cf. PCair.Zen.447.1,11 (iii B.C.), Phld.Acad.Ind. p.49 M.; ἔχειν τινὰ συνεσταμένον, συνιστάμενον, regard him as introduced or recommended, POxy.787 (i A.D.), PHolm.p.42.

b recommend, secure approval of a course of action, SIG679.90 (Magn. Mae., ii B.C.):— [voice] Med., recommend persons for appointment, PLond.3.1249.7 (iv A.D.).

c τὸ οἰκεῖον συνιστάναι bring about intimacy, Men.602.

d place in the charge of,

συνέστησεν ὁ ἀρχιδεσμώτης τῷ Ἰωσὴφ αὐτούς LXX Ge.40.4

;

συνέστησά σοι Χαιράμμωνα δοῦλον πρὸς μάθησιν σημείων POxy.724.2

(ii A.D.).

e appoint to a charge, LXXNu.27.23; appoint a representative,

σ. ἀντ' ἐμαυτῆς τὸν ἕτερον ἐμοῦ ἀδελφόν PTeb.317.10

(ii A.D.);

συνέστησά σε φροντιοῦντά μου τῶν ὑπαρχόντων BGU300.3

, cf. 20 (ii A.D.):—[voice] Pass., Sammelb.4512.39 (ii B.C.);

ἐπίτροπος συσταθείς CPHerm.55.5

(iii A.D.);

συσταθεὶς συνήγορος Plu.2.840e

.

2 of a debtor, offer another as a guarantee,

τινί τινα Isoc.17.37

: c. inf., συστήσαντος ἀποδοῦναι introduce the party who was to pay, D.41.16, cf. ib.6: c. acc. rei, guarantee a loan, ἃς (sc. δραχμὰς)

συνέστησεν Ἀρτεμίδωρος ἀργυ (ρίου) PCair.Zen.326.167

(iii B.C.); ἃς (sc. δραχμὰς)

παρὰ Ἱέρωνος συνεστήσαμεν PMich.Zen. 61.28

(iii B.C.); Σέλευκός μου αὐτοὺς (sc. τοὺς τρεῖς στατῆρας)

ἐκκέκρουκε λέγων ὅτι συνέστακας ἑαυτῷ PFay.109.9

(i A.D.).

V make solid or firm, brace up,

τὸ σῶμα Hp.Aph.3.17

, cf. Thphr.CP1.8.3; σ. [τὰ ἴχνη] sets them, X.Cyn.5.3; ὑπὲρ τοῦ συνεστῶτος [τοῦ τείχους], i.e. the unbroken part, Jul.Or.2.64c; contract, condense, opp. διακρίνω or διαλύω, Arist.GC 336a4, Cael. 280a12; of liquids, make them congeal, curdle,

γάλα Poll.1.251

;

φλέγμα Hp.Vict.2.54

(v.l.): metaph., συστήσας τὸ πρόσωπον with a frown, Plu.2.152b.

VI exhibit, give proof of,

εὔνοιαν Plb.4.5.6

;

σ. ὅτι.. Id.3.108.4

: c. acc. et inf., D.S.14.45: c. part.,

σ. τινὰς ὄντας Id.13.91

.

2 prove, establish, Phld.Sign.4, Rh.1.112S.

B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Act. συνέστην: [tense] pf. συνέστηκα, part. συνεστηκώς, [var] contr. συνεστώς, ῶσα, ώς or ός (Pl.Ti. 56b), [dialect] Ion. συνεστεώς, εῶσα (neut. not found), Hdt.1.74, 6.108: [tense] fut.

συσταθήσομαι X.An.6.1.23

, Arist.Mete. 376a2; [tense] fut.[voice] Med.

ξυστήσομαι A.Th. 435

, 509, 672, Pl.Ti. 54c: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. συνεστάθην [ᾰ] X.An.3.1.8, al., PCair.Zen.447.1,11 (iii B.C.), PTeb.27.35 (ii B.C.), etc.:— stand together, περὶ τὸν τρίποδα (of statues) Hdt.8.27; opp. διίστασθαι, X.Cyn.6.16; of soldiers, form in order of battle, Id.An.5.7.16, 6.5.28, al.; συστάντες ἁθρόοι ib.7.3.47.

II in hostile sense, to be joined, of battle, once in Hom.,

πολέμοιο συνεσταότος Il.14.96

;

τῆς μάχης συνεστεώσης Hdt.1.74

;

πόλεμος ξυνέστη Th.1.15

, cf. Hdt.7.144, 8.142;

περὶ ταῦτα μάχη τις συνέστηκεν Pl.Sph. 246c

; τοῦτο συνεστήκεε this combat continued, Hdt.7.225.

2 of persons, συνίστασθαί τινι meet in fight, be cngaged with, A.Th. 509, Hdt.6.108, Ar.V. 1031;

θνατὸς δ' ἀθανάτῳ συστήσομαι AP5.92

(Rufin.);

τινὶ ξ... ἐν μάχῃ E.Supp. 847

;

ξυσταθέντα διὰ μάχης Id.Ph. 755

;

συνεστάναι μαχομένους Hdt.1.214

;

συνέστασαν χρόνον ἐπὶ πολλόν Id.6.29

: metaph., συνεστήκεε δὲ ταύτῃ τῇ γνώμῃ ἡ Γωβρύεω was at odds with.., Id.4.132: abs., συνεστηκότων τῶν στρατηγῶν when the generals were at issue, Id.8.79;

γνῶμαι μὲν αὗται συνέστασαν Id.1.208

, cf. 7.142; συνίσταται ἐπ' ἐμέ makes a dead set at me, Men.Sam. 211.

3 to be involved or implicated in a thing, λιμῷ, πόνῳ, λιμῷ καὶ καμάτῳ, Hdt.7.170, 8.74, 9.89;

ἀλγηδόνος ᾇ ξυνέστας S.OC 514

(lyr.);

συνεστῶτες ἀγῶνι ναυτικῷ Th.4.55

; καρτερᾷ μάχῃ ib.96.

III of friends, form a league or union, band together, Id.6.21,33, etc.; κατὰ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς ξ. Id.2.88;

ἀλλήλοις X.HG2.1.1

; ξυνίστασθαι πρὸς ἑκατέρους league themselves with one side or the other, Th.1.1, cf. 15;

μετά τινος D.34.34

, etc.; ἐπί τινας against them, Lys.22.17, cf. 30.10 (abs.); καί μ' οὐ λέληθεν οὐδὲν ἐν τῇ πόλει ξυνιστάμενον no conspiracy, Ar.Eq. 863, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.2; οἱ συνιστάμενοι the conspirators, Ar.Lys. 577 (anap.);

τὸ ξυνεστηκός Th.8.66

.

2 generally, to be connected or allied, as by marriage, c. acc. cogn.,

λέχος Ἡρακλεῖ ξυστᾶσα S.Tr.28

: in magic,

συνιστάνου.. τοῖς.. θεοῖς

put yourself into connexion with.., PMag. Leid.W.

1.29

;

συσταθεὶς πρὸ<ς> τὸν ἥλιον PMag.Par.1.168

: in law,

Αὐρηλία Βησοῦς μετὰ συνεστῶτος Αὐρηλίου Θέωνος A.

B. acting with A. T., POxy.912.4 (iii A.D.), cf. Sammelb.7338.5 (iii/iv A.D.).

3 of an assembly, to be in session,

ἔτι τῆς ἐκκλησίας συνεστώσης Plu. Nic.28

; τῆς τῶν Νεμείων πανηγύρεως ς. Id.Phil.11;

οἱ τὴν σύνοδον συνεσταμένοι εἰς τὸ ἐν Σήτει ἱερόν OGI111.25

(Egypt, ii B.C.).

IV to come or be put together, of parts,

συνιστάμεν' ἄλλοθεν ἄλλα Emp. 35.6

, cf. E.Fr.910.6 (anap.), Pl.R. 530a;

ἐπειδὴ πάντα συνειστήκει X.Cyr.6.1.54

;

σ. ἐξ ὀλιγίστων μερῶν Pl.Ti. 56b

, cf. 54c; ἡ πόλις ἐξ οἰκιῶν ς. X.Mem.3.6.14; ἐξ ὧν ὁ κόσμος ς. Arist.EN 1141b2; esp. in military sense, ξυνεστὼς στρατός an organized army, E.IA 87; ἱππικὸν συνεστηκός an organized force of cavalry, X.An.7.6.26; τὸ συνεστηκὸς στράτευμα the organized force, D.8.17,46.

b of a play, to be composed, Arist.Po. 1453b4; ἡ πολιτεία (compared to a tragedy)

συνέστηκε μίμησις τοῦ καλλίστου βίου Pl.Lg. 817b

.

c arise, take shape or body,

τὸ συνιστάμενον κακόν D.18.62

, cf. 6.35;

πόλις οὕτω συστᾶσα Pl.R. 546a

; ἐνταῦθα συνίστανται [ψύλλαι] Arist. HA 556b26, cf. Thphr.CP4.4.10, Sor.2.37, al., Gal.Vict.Att.9; σ. ἀπό τινος arise from.., Phld.Ir.p.76W.

d in [tense] aor. 2 and [tense] pf., come into existence, exist,

μεγάλη συνέστη δύναμις βασιλέων Pl.Ti. 25a

;

συμμαχία ἡ περὶ Κόρινθον συστᾶσα Isoc.4.142

;

τοῦ καιροῦ τῆς τῶν γενημάτων συναγωγῆς συνεστηκότος PSI3.173.12

(ii B.C.);

κεχωρίσθαι ἀπ' ἀλλήλων τῆς συστάσης αὐτοῖς συμβιώσεως BGU1102.9

(i B.C.);

οἰκία.. σὺν τοῖς συνεστῶσι μέτροις καὶ πηχισμοῖς καὶ συνεστῶσι θεμελίοις Sammelb.5247.6

,11 (i A.D.).

V to be compact, solid, firm,

οὔτε σκιδνάμενον οὔτε συνιστάμενον Parm.2.4

; συνεστῶτα σώματα, of animals in good condition, X.Cyn.7.8, cf. Pl.Ti. 83a; acquire substance or consistency, of eggs, Arist.HA 567a28; of blood, honey, milk, ib. 516a5, 554a6, Hp.Vict.2.51; of the embryo,

συνίσταται καὶ λαμβάνει τὴν οἰκείαν μορφήν Arist.GA 733b20

; of the brain, ib. 744a22; of the bowels, Hp.Epid.3.17.ά, Coac. 589; ῥεῦμα συνεστηκός concentrated, Id.Medic.7; συνεστηκυῖα χιών congealed, frozen, Plb.3.55.2.

VI to be contracted, συνεστῶτι τῷ προσώπῳ frowning, Plu. Demetr.17; τοῦ ξυνεστῶτος φρενῶν (cf.

σύστασις B. 11.3

) E.Alc. 797; συνεστηκώς absorbed in thought, Men.Pk. 291.

VII συνέστηκε c. acc. et inf., it is well known that.., = Lat. constat, Marcian.Peripl.1 Prooem.

VIII to be weighed together,

συνεστάθη Inscr.Délos 1423

Aai17, 1429Bi3 (ii B.C.).

εἰσφέρω, [tense] fut.

A

εἰσοίσω E.Ba. 367

: [tense] aor. I

εἰσήνεγκα Archil.78.2

(s.v.l.): [tense] pf.

εἰσενήνοχα D.27.36

: [tense] plpf.

- όχειν Id.24.19

:—carry in,

εἴσω Od.7.6

;

ἐς. ἀγγελίας Hdt.1.114

;

ἐς τὠυτὸ ἐς. Id.9.70

;

τινὰ εἰς τὸ λογιστήριον PAmh.2.77.22

(ii A.D.).

2 bring in, contribute, τῖμον Archil.l.c.;

χρήματα X.Hier.9.7

, Plu.Publ.12;

εἰ. τινὶ ἔρανον Pl.Smp. 177c

, cf. X.Cyr.7.1.12 ; at Athens, etc., pay the propertytax (v. εἰσφορά II),

ἐς. ἐσφοράν Th.3.19

, etc. ;

εἰσφοράς Antipho 2.2.12

, Lys.18.7 : and abs.,

εἰ. εἰς τὴν πόλιν D.27.36

;

εἰ. ἀφ' ὑπαρχούσης οὐσίας Id.21.157

.

3 bring in or upon,

πένθος δόμοις E.Ba. 367

; νόσον καινὴν γυναιξί ib. 353 ;

πόλεμον Ἑλλήνων χθονί Id.Hel.38

; δειλίαν ἐσφέρει τοῖς ἀλκίμοισι brings cowardice into the brave, Id.Supp. 540.

4 introduce,

καινὰ δαιμόνια X.Mem.1.1.2

;

ψεῦδος Plb.2.58.12

; esp. of political measures, bring forward, propose,

γνώμην Hdt.3.80

;

γνώμην ἐς τὸν δῆμον Th.8.67

; εἰ. νόμον,=Lat. legem rogare, D.23.218, 24.19;

ψηφίσματα IG22.1329.10

; τιμάς ib.1343.29: abs.,

ἐς. ἐς τὰς βουλὰς περί τινος Th.5.38

;

εἰς τοὺς νομοφύλακας Pl.Lg. 772c

;

τὴν δὲ βουλὴν εἰσενεγκεῖν, ὅτῳ τρόπῳ.. X.HG1.7.7

:—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ εἰσφερόμενα [ψηφίσματα] Arist. Pol. 1298b33

.

b of persons, propose, nominate, Pl.Lg. 961b :—[voice] Pass., ibid. ;

τοὺς -ομένους ὑπὸ τῶν ὑπάτων πρεσβευτάς Plb.35.4.5

.

II [voice] Med., [tense] fut.

ἐσοίσομαι E.Hel. 664

(lyr.): lon. [tense] aor. I

ἐσενείκασθαι Hdt.

(v. infr.): [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. εἰσενήνεγμαι (v. infr.):—carry with one, sweep along, of a river, Il.11.495.

2 bring in for oneself,

τὰ ἐκ τῶν ἀγρῶν ἐς τὸ τεῖχος Hdt.5.34

, cf. Th.5.115 :—so in [voice] Pass., σῖτον ἐσενηνεῖχθαι or

- έχθαι Hdt.9.41

.

3 bring in with one, introduce,

τοὔνομα ἐς τὴν ποίησιν Id.2.23

; πῶμ' ηὗρε κεἰσηνέγκατο θνητοῖς E.Ba. 279 ; [ λόγον] ἐσφέρεσθαι to utter it, Id.Hel. 664 (lyr.) ;

ν' μνᾶς εἰς τὸν οἶκον εἰσενηνεγμένη

having brought

50

minae as a dowry into the family, D.27.4, cf.41.4 ;

προῖκα εἰσενεγκαμένῃ Thphr. Char.22.10

.

4 contribute,

εἰσενήνεκται.. οὐκ ἔλαττον μ' μνῶν Lys.19.43

, cf. Michel473.9 (Mylasa, ii B.C.) ; apply, employ,

πᾶσαν εἰ. σπουδὴν καὶ φιλοτιμίαν Plb.21.29.12

, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.293, IG22.1343.23, Inscr.Prien. 111.126 (i B.C.), D.S.1.84 ;

ἀνδρείαν Onos.4.2

;

θάρσος J.AJ18.8.5

; ἰσχύν ib.17.5.6 ;

φιλονεικίαν Ael.VH12.64

.

5 like προσφέρεσθαι, eat, Hp.VM3, Ant. Lib.11.1 ; drink water, Arist.GA 767a32.

6 draw breath, Id.Somn.Vig. 456a17.

2 rush in,

ἐς τὴν ὕλην Th.3.98

.

παρ-άγω, [tense] fut.

A

- ξω Phld.Rh.1.19

S.: [tense] pf.

παραγέωχα PTeb.5.198

(ii B. C.),

παραγείοχα Stud.Pal.22.3

(ii A. D.):— lead by or past a place, c. acc. loci, Hdt.4.158, cf. 9.47; πάραγε πτέρυγας fly past, E. Ion 166 (lyr.);

π. θριάμβους App.Mith. 117

, cf. BC2.101; of a person,

ἐν θριάμβῳ παράγεσθαι Plu.Caes.55

.

2 in Tactics, march the men up from the side, bring them from column into line,

π. τοὺς ἐπὶ κέρως πορευομένους.. εἰς μέτωπον X.HG7.5.22

, cf. Cyr.2.3.21, An.4.6.6; τὰς [τάξεις] εἰς τὰ πλάγια ib.3.4.14; ἔξωθεν τῶν κεράτων ib.3.4.21.

3 bring round or forward,

ἀγκῶνα παρὰ τὸ στῆθος Hp.Art.2

, cf. 74; twist round or out of place, Alex.Aphr.in Sens.16.19.

4 π. ὑπόχυμα couch a cataract, Gal.Thras.23.

5 divert,

ὑδραγωγόν POxy. 971

(i/ii A. D.).

II lead aside from the way, mislead,

ἔννυχοι πάραγον κοῖται Pi.P.11.25

;

σοφία παράγοισα μύθοις Id.N.7.23

;

π. τινὰεἰς ἀρκύστατα A.Pers.99

codd. (lyr.);

π. ψεύδεσι Pl.R. 383a

;

φενακίζειν καὶ π. D.22.34

, cf. PMagd.12.7 (iii B. C.), PCair.Zen.289.20 (iii B. C.):—[voice] Pass.,

φόβῳ παρηγόμην S.OT 974

;

λόγοις παράγεσθαι Th.1.91

; ἀπάτῃ π. ὑπό τινων ib.34;

νέοις παραχθείς E.Supp. 232

.

2 divert from one's course, influence,

Μοίρας Hdt.1.91

: c. acc. pers. et gen. rei, divert from, [τινὰ] τοῦ τῆς ῥητορικῆς τέλους Phld.l.c.; induce, lead to or into a thing,

ἔς τι E.IT 478

: mostly in bad sense, π. ἐς ἀμπλακίην, ἐς ἀναιδείην, Thgn.404, Archil.78:—[voice] Pass., to be influenced, persuaded,

οἷοι θυσίαις τε καὶ εὐχωλαῖς παράγεσθαι Pl.R. 365e

, cf. Lg. 885b, Th.2.64;

λόγῳ παραχθέντες X.Mem.4.8.5

: c. inf.,

παρηγμένος μισθοῖς εἰργάσθαι τι S.Ant. 294

.

3 of things, lead aside: hence, wrest, π. τοὺς νόμους ἐπί τι pervert the laws to this end, Pl.R. 550d, cf. Is.11.36;

οἱ θεοὶ τῶν πονηρῶν ἀνθρώπων τὴν διάνοιαν π. Lycurg.92

;

π. τὴν ἀλήθειαν Philostr.Ep.35

:—[voice] Pass., τὰ γράμματα παρῆκται, from age, Paus.6.19.5.

4 avert,

πειθοῖ καὶ λόγῳ τὴν ἀνάγκην Plu.Phoc.2

.

5 change slightly, of letters in the derivation of words, Pl.Cra. 398c, 398d, 400c, Plu.2.354c: freq. in Gramm. in [voice] Pass., to be derived, ἀπό .. Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.58, D.T.641.4, A.D.Pron.34.25; ἐκ .. Id.Synt.111.2; παρά c. acc., Id.Adv.146.10: c. gen., τὸ μελιτηρὸν τοῦ τηρεῖν [παραχθέν] Id.Pron.30.17: generally, to be formed,

διὰ τοῦ θεν Id.Adv.184.12

;

τὴν κτητικὴν διὰ τῆς οι π. Id.Pron.109.6

; to be inflected, ἀντωνυμίαι ὡς ὀνόματα εἰς τὰ γένη καὶ τὰς πτώσεις π. ib.111.2, cf. Synt.110.8; ὁ ἀνδριὰς οὐ λέγεται ξύλον, ἀλλὰ παράγεται ξύλινος is called by a modification, Arist.Metaph. 1033a17.

III bring and set beside others, bring forward, introduce,

ἐς μέσον Hdt.3.129

;

εἰς τὸ μέσον Pl. Lg. 713b

;

εἰς ὑμᾶς Antipho 4.1.5

; π. εἰς τὸν δῆμον bring before the people, Lys.13.32, cf. Th.5.45; εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον before the court, D.26.17;

παραχθῆναι τὴν γραφήν Antipho 2.3.6

; also, bring forward as a witness, etc.,

τὸν ἥκοντα παρήγαγον D.18.170

:—[voice] Med.,

μάρτυρα παραγόμενος Pl.Lg. 836c

.

b introduce on the stage, bring in, Ath. 3.117d, 6.230b, al., D.L.2.28, prob. in Anon. de Com.(CGF p.7);

οἵους οἱ κωμῳδοδιδάσκαλοι π. ἀγροίκους Arist.EE 1230b19

: hence, represent, portray,

τοξότας αὐτοὺς παρήγαγον Corn.ND32

, cf. 14 ([voice] Pass.).

c produce, deliver,

ἐπὶ τὰ χώματα καλαμείαν PTeb.5.198

(ii B. C.), cf. 92.8 (ii B. C., [voice] Pass.).

2 bring in, with a notion of secrecy,

ἄνδρας π. ἔσω Hdt.5.20

:—[voice] Pass., come in stealthily, slip in,

π. γὰρ ἐνέρων δολιόπους ἀρωγὸς εἴσω στέγας S.El. 1391

(lyr.); of things,

τὸ ὕδωρ ὀρύγμασι καὶ τάφροις εἰς τὸ πεδίον π. Plu.Cam.4

.

IV carry on, protract,

τὴν πρᾶξιν D.S.18.65

; π. τὸν χρόνον pass it, Plu. Agis13, etc.; v. infr. B. III.

V direct, guide,

κῆτος παραγόμενον εὐπειθῶς Id.2.981a

.

VI produce, create, Plot.6.8.20, etc.; τὸ παράγον, opp. τὸ παραγόμενον, Procl.Inst.7, cf. Dam.Pr.32, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

ἀπὸ τῶν ἀτελεστέρων τελειότερα παράγεται Iamb.Myst.3.22

, cf. Gp.9.1.1.

VII draw along, ἄνωθεν κάτω τὰς χεῖρας (in massage), Herod.Med. ap. Orib.6.20.8.

B intr., pass by, pass on one's way, X.Cyr.5.4.44, Euphro 10.15, Plb.5.18.4, etc.;

τοῖς παράγουσιν χαίρειν IPE2.378

([place name] Phanagoria): also c. acc., pass by,

μνήματα Lyr.Alex.Adesp.37.25

;

κώμην PTeb.17.4

(ii B. C.).

2 pass away, LXX Ps.143(144).4, 1 Ep.Cor.7.31:—in [voice] Pass., 1 Ep.Jo.2.8,17.

II pass along the coast, Plb.4.44.3; simply, go,

εἴσω πάραγε Men.Epit. 188

, cf. 194, Sam.80, Pk. 275.

III delay (v. supr. A. IV),

παρῆγον ἐφ' ἱκανὸν χρόνον D.S.11.3

;

ἐξέκρουε καὶ π. Plu.Rom.23

.

ἐπάγω [ᾰ],

A bring on,

οἷον ἐπ' ἦμαρ ἄγῃσι πατήρ Od.18.137

;

ἐ. πῆμά τινι Hes.Op. 242

;

νύκτ' Id.Th. 176

; ἐλεύθερον ἦμαρ Bacisap.Hdt.8.77;

ἄτην ἐπ' ἄτῃ A.Ch. 404

(lyr.), cf. S.Aj. 1189 (lyr.);

κινδύνους τινί Is.8.3

;

πόλεμον ἐπὶ τὰς Θήβας Aeschin.3.140

;

νόσους γῆράς τε ἐ. Pl. Ti. 33a

;

πάθος ἐ. Hp.Morb.Sacr.3

.

2 set on, urge on, as hunters do dogs, ἐπάγοντες ἐπῇσαν (sc. κύνας) Od.19.445, cf. X.Cyn.10.19:— in [voice] Med., ib.6.25.

b lead on an army against the enemy,

Ἄρη τινί A.Pers.85

(lyr.);

τὴν στρατιήν Hdt.1.63

, cf.7.165;

τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας Ar. Av. 353

;

στρατόπεδον Th.6.69

;

τινὰ ἐπί τινα Id.8.46

: intr., march against,

τισί Plb.2.29.2

: abs., dub. in Luc.Hist.Conscr.21: metaph., Diph.44 (nisi leg. ἐπῇττε).

c quicken the pace, Ar.Eq.25, Nu. 390, Pl.Cra. 420d;

θάττονα ῥυθμὸν ἐ. X.Smp.2.22

.

3 lead on by persuasion, influence, Od.14.392, Th.1.107;

ἐλπὶς ἥ σ' ἐπήγαγεν E.Hec. 1032

: c. inf., induce one to do, ib. 260, Isoc.14.63:—[voice] Pass.,

οἷς ἐπαχθέντες ὑμεῖς D.5.10

(cod. S).

4 bring in, invite as aiders or allies,

τὸν Πέρσην Hdt.9.1

, cf. 8.112; τὸν Π. ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἕλληνας Epist. Phil. ap. D.12.7;

Μήδους Ar.Th. 365

(v. infr.11.2.

5 bring to a place, bring in, S.Tr. 378, E.Ph. 905;

ἅμαξαι.. τοὺς λίθους ἐπῆγον Th. 1.93

:—[voice] Med., draw in nourishment, of roots, Thphr.HP1.1.9:— [voice] Pass.,

τροφὰ ἐπάγεται τῷ σώματι Ti.Locr.102b

.

6 bring in, supply,

ἐπιτήδεια Th.7.60

;

τὰ ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων ἐ. νάματα Pl.Criti. 118e

;

λίμνην.. εἰς τὴν ἅλμην Ephipp.5.12

: metaph.,

ἐπάγει ἡ ψυχὴ τὸ ἓν ἄλλῳ Plot.6.9.1

.

7 lay on or apply to one, ἐ. κέντρον πώλοις, of a charioteer, E.Hipp. 1194;

ἐ. πληγὴν ἐπί τινα LXX Is.10.24

; ἐ. ζημίαν, = ἐπιτιθέναι, Luc.Anach.11; ἔπαγε τὴν γνάθον lay your jaws to it, Ar. V. 370; ἐ. τὴν διάνοιάν τινι apply it, Plu.Per.1.

8 bring forward, ἐ. ψῆφον τοῖς ξυμμάχοις propose a vote to them, like ἐπιψηφίζειν ἐς.. Th.1.125, cf. 87; ψῆφος ἐπῆκτό τινι περὶ φυγῆς against him, X.An.7.7.57, cf. D.47.28;

ἐ. ὅρκον τισί Paus.4.14.4

, cf.IG9(1).334.13 ([dialect] Locr.); also ἐ. δίκην, γραφήν τινι, bring a suit against one, Pl.Lg. 881e, D.18.150; γραφάς, εὐθύνας, εἰσαγγελίας ib.249;

λεγέτω πρότερος ὁ ἐπάγων τὰν δίκαν Foed.Delph.Pell.1

A10;

ἐ. αἰτίαν τινί D.18.141

;

αἰτίαν ἐπήγαγέ μοι φόνου ψευδῆ Id.21.110

, cf.114.

b introduce a person before the assembly, IG12(7).389.5, BCH50.251, etc.

9 bring in over and above,

παροψώνημα A.Ag. 1446

;

τῷ λόγῳ τὸ ἔργον Plu.Lyc.8

:—[voice] Pass., τὸ ἐπαγόμενον φωνῆεν the vowel which follows, EM176.55; ὁ ἐ. ἀγών extraordinary, CIG 3491 ([place name] Thyatira).

b intercalate days in the year, Hdt.2.4, D.S.1.50; αἱ ἐπαγόμεναι, with or without ἡμέραι, intercalated days, ib.13, Plu.2.355e, Inscr.Cypr.134 H., PStrassb.91.6, Vett.Val.20.26, 36.9, etc.

10 in instruction or argument, lead on,

τινὰς ἐπὶ τὰ μήπω γιγνωσκόμενα Pl.Plt. 278a

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἐπαχθέντων αὐτῶν Aristox.Harm.p.23

M.

b esp. in the Logic of Aristotle, teach or convince by induction,

ἐπάγοντα ἀπὸ τῶν καθ' ἕκαστον ἐπὶ τὸ καθόλου καὶ τῶν γνωρίμων ἐπὶ τὰ ἄγνωστα Top.156a4

:—[voice] Pass.,

ἐπαχθῆναι μὴ ἔχοντας αἴσθησιν ἀδύνατον APo.81b5

, cf.71a21,24: abs., συλλογιζόμενον ἢ ἐπάγοντα by syllogism or by induction, Rh.1356b8, cf. Top.157a21,al.;

οὐδ' ὁ ἐπάγων ἀποδείκνυσιν APo.91b15

.

c also ἐ. τὸ καθόλου bring forward, advance: hence, infer the general principle,

τῇ καθ' ἕκαστα ἐπὶ τῶν ὁμοίων ἐπαγωγῇ ἐ. τὸ καθόλου Top.108b11

, cf. SE 174a34; so later, adduce the argument,

ὅτι.. Alex.Aphr.

inSE6.2; conclude, infer, Arr.Epict.4.8.9.

11 ἐ. τὴν κοιλίαν move the bowels, v.l. for ὑπ-, Dsc.4.157.

II [voice] Med., bring to oneself, procure or provide for oneself,

ἐκ θαλάσσης ὧν δέονται ἐπάξονται Th.1.81

, cf. 6.99: metaph., Ἅιδα φεῦξιν ἐ. devise, invent a means of shunning death, S. Ant. 362 (lyr.);

τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων δούλωσιν Th.3.10

;

τῶν.. κακῶν ἐ. λήθην Men.467

.

2 of persons, bring into one's country, bring in or introduce as allies (v. supr. 1.4), Hdt.2.108, Th.1.3, 2.68, 4.64,al.;

οἰκιστὴν ἐ. Hdt.6.34

, cf. 5.67;

ἐπιϝοίκους ἐ. Berl.Sitsb.1927.8

([dialect] Locr., v B. C.).

3 μάρτυρας ποιητὰς ἐ. call them in as witnesses, Pl.R. 364c, cf. Lg. 823a, Arist.Metaph. 995a8; ἐ. ποιητὰς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις introduce by way of quotation, Pl.Prt. 347e;

τὸν Ἡσίοδον μάρτυρα Id.Ly. 215c

; ἐ. μαρτύρια adduce testimonies, X.Smp.8.34;

εἰκόνας ἐ. Id.Oec.17.15

;

ὅρκον ἐ. πάντα τὰ ζῷα Porph.Abst.3.16

.

4 bring upon oneself,

νύκτα ἐν μεσημβρίᾳ Pl.Lg. 897d

;

φθόνον X.Ap.32

;

συμφορὰν ἐμαυτῷ Lys.4.19

;

αὐθαίρετον αὑτοῖς δουλείαν D.19.259

;

πράγματα Id.54.1

;

ἑαυτοῖς δεστότην ἐ. τὸν νόμον Pl.Grg. 492b

;

μητρυιὰν ἐ. κατὰ τῶν ἰδίων τέκνων D.S.12.12

.

5 bring with one,

προῖκα πολλήν Nicostr.

ap. Stob.4.22.102.

6 bring over to oneself, win over,

τὸ πλῆθος Th.5.45

;

τινὰ εἰς εὔνοιαν Plb.7.14.4

: c. acc. et inf., ἐ. τινὰς ξυγχωρῆσαι induce them to concede, Th.5.41.

7 put in place,

λίθον Princeton Exp.Inscr.1175

(iii A. D.).

ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.

① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)

ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.

ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.

ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.²] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.

ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.

ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).

ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.

② marker of a state or condition, in

ⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.

ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.

③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.

④ marker of close association within a limit, in

ⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.

ⓑ of the whole, w. which the parts are closely joined: μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ remain in the vine J 15:4. ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι μέλη πολλὰ ἔχομεν in one body we have many members Ro 12:4. κρέμασθαι ἔν τινι depend on someth. Mt 22:40.

ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls² ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls² ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.

⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).

ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’

α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).

β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.

ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl²). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).

⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG² 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).

⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.

⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.

⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)

ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.

ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.

⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, when

ⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.

ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.

ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.

⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.

⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.

εἰσποι-έω,

A give in adoption,

ὑόν τινι Pl.Lg. 878a

;

τὸν παῖδα εἰς τὸν οῖκόν τινος D.43.15

;

τοὺς σφετέρους παῖδας εἰς ἑτέρους οἴκους εἰσποιοῦσιν Is.10.17

(but the same phrase is used of a father who begets, Id.6.22); εἰ. τινὰ εἰς τὰ χρήματά τινος make him heir to the property, Id.10.12, cf. 16,17, etc.; εἰ. σαυτὸν Ἄμμωνι, of Alexander, Plu. Alex. 50 : metaph.,[ ἡπαντάρβη]

πᾶν τὸ ἐγγὺς ἐσποιεῖ αὑτῇ

attracts,

Philostr. VA3.46

:—[voice] Med., adopt as one's son, D.44.34, Ph.2.86, D.C.44.5 :— [voice] Pass., εἰσποιηθῆναι πρός τινα to be adopted into his family, D.44.27; ἐπὶ τὸ ὄνομά τινος ib.36.

2 generally, εἰ. τινὰς εἰς λῃτουργίαν bring new persons into the public service, Id.20.19,20 ; τῶν πραττομένων εἰσεποίει κοινωνὸν αὑτόν forced himself in as partaker, Din.1.32; εἰ. ἐγκώμιον εἰς τὴν ἱστορίαν introduce panegyric into history, Luc. Hist.Conscr. 9; εἰ. ἑαυτὸν εἰς δύναμίν τινος thrust himself into another's authority, Plu.Pomp.16; εἰ. Ἡσιόδῳ Θεογονίαν father it on him, Paus.9.27.2.

3 τὸ τάχος [ τὴν τίγριν] ἐς. τοῖς ἀνέμοις adopts into the family of winds, i.e. makes it as swift as the winds, Philostr. VA 3.48.

II [voice] Med., interuene, meddle in an affair, CPHerm.6.10 (iii A.D.).

εἰσφέρω fut. εἰσοίσω LXX; aor. εἰσήνεγκα and εἰσήνεγκον (B-D-F §81, 2; W-S. §13, 13; Mlt-H. 263) pf. pass. ptc. εἰσενηνεγμένος 2 Macc 14:38; aor. εἰσηνέχθην LXX (Hom.+) gener. ‘bring in, carry in’.

① to bring into an area, bring in τινά: μὴ εὑρόντες ποίας (sc. ὁδοῦ) εἰσενέγκωσιν αὐτόν (i.e., εἰς τ. οἶκον) since they found no way to bring him in Lk 5:19; cp. vs. 18. οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τ. κόσμον we have brought nothing into the world (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 294f τὸν μηδὲν εἰς τ. κόσμον εἰσενηνοχότα; cp. Cicero, Tusc. 1, 38 [91]) 1 Ti 6:7; Pol 4:1. Pass. τὸ αἷμα εἰσφέρεται … εἰς τὰ ἅγια the blood is brought into the sanctuary Hb 13:11 (cp. Lev 4:5; 16:27 [pass.]). Also forcefully drag in (PAmh 77, 22 [139 A.D.]) Lk 12:11. On J 18:16 v.l. s. RBorger, TRu, ’87, 35f.

② to cause someone to enter into a certain event or condition, bring in, fig. ext. of 1: εἰ. τινὰ εἰς πειρασμόν bring or lead someone into temptation Mt 6:13; Lk 11:4; D 8:2; Pol 7:2. τὶ εἰς τὰς ἀκοάς τινος bring someth. to someone’s ears Ac 17:20 (cp. Soph., Aj. 149 εἰς ὦτα φέρει πάντων Ὀδυσσεύς); introduce ξένας διδαχάς strange teachings Hs 8, 6, 5 (cp. POxy 123, 13 συνείδησιν εἰσήνεγκαν=they sent a report; also X., Mem. 1, 1, 2 καινὰ δαιμόνια εἰσφέρειν [s. Just., A I, 5, 3; A II, 10, 5]).—M-M. TW.

κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).

A. w. the gen.

① marker of extension or orientation in space or specific area

ⓐ of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.

ⓑ of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).

ⓒ extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.

② down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.

ⓐ w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.

ⓑ in a hostile sense, against

α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6

β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).

γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.

B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])

① marker of spatial aspect

ⓐ of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.